We'll get started. I just want to say thank you all For attending, and we're going to do our best to make this Interesting talk, and we try to tweak things a little bit to Talk more. Again, talks about heat stress And wearables. We're going to talk a little bit About heat stress, but more about how do we build a better Mousetrap. One of the things we do, at Least inside a company, inside chevron, is we always have to Understand the standards and the guidelines and sort of local Legal requirements, but the key for us as well is to try to do It better. How do we better identify Who's sick? how do we, you know, the Standards fail, especially with heat stress, and we'll talk a Little bit about that. So one of my jobs at chevron Besides, i serve as regional medical manager, i cover the U.S. Right now, europe, eurasia, Mid-eastern africa. I also chair the chevron Occupational environmental standards committee, so we come Up with, well, we update and revise and come up with new Standards for chemical hazards, but also physical hazards as Well. Heat stress is one. Noise is something that we're about to publish internally, but The list goes on and on, and so, again, what i'll show today Is we'll show you what the problem is with current stress Sort of guidelines. We'll talk a little bit about A solution. We'll show some education that We use for our providers and our workforce to help them, and Then happy to answer any questions, and so we do have a Lot of time today, and i think there will be plenty of time So one thing to keep in mind, like i said, things are a Little bit different here, and from the others, we do have a Conflict, and that's our employer is an investor, Chevron is an investor in this company that produces this Wearable. The goal of the talk today is To talk about how to build a better mousetrap, how we can Approach conditions differently, so we won't mention the name of The company or the name of the patch, although i can tell you That you might see them in the exhibit hall if needed. So, you know, we know the basics about how do you know When a worker is at risk for heat stress, right? We have lots of different guidelines, you know, there's Temperature, there's medical conditions, there's medications They take, there's, you know, new employees to the workforce, So we know who is at risk, but the truth is that there's Significant failure rate amongst those groups, and what i'll do Is i'll go through a couple of slides, and i'll talk, i'll Bring my colleague, who will talk about a pilot project that We've done, which will really give you some of the sense of What we're looking for, how we've improved the model, and Really understand the big issue of where the challenges really Lie. So this is, i would say this Is sort of where we are, this would be sort of an overview of Our pilot project and what we've done, and again, the whole Thing is about identifying, better identifying fluid loss In our outdoor workers. So again, it's about fluid Recommendations, it's about measuring sweat loss, it's about Real-time dehydration alerts, and we'll see some of these Metrics, and it's really very, honestly, it's a very simple Program to help us build a better mousetrap, which i'll Probably say three or four more times. This is something to, this is just some information, it's Something we present to our workforce, it's things we talk About to the supervisors, to the managers, to the morning Huddles for all of our workers, but it's just talking about the High body temperature, the ramifications for all of them, The need to hydrate, the increased risk of injury, and So very basic educational bits that we give to our teams, you Know, on a regular basis, especially on those hot days. We think of our people as athletes, you know, and when we Think of them as athletes instead of, i don't want to say Typical or average worker or laborer, we think of them as What would it take, what would a pro baseball player or pro Football player receive, how would we treat them, and how is It any different than what we do for our own people. It's about not just the minimum standards, it is about, again, We'll bring in educators, we'll bring in trainers, we'll, you Know, we'll do what we can to shut things down when it becomes Too hot, you know, i think the key is that it's not just this One hazard of being an industrial athlete, but it's About, you know, it's really, i'll give you an example from My recent noise standards that we put together, and we've got Devices that we all know you can monitor outside sounds, we have Headphones that can monitor outside sounds and also monitor The sound that the actual worker is receiving at any one time. Very simple things. They're a little expensive. We prevent noise exposure to our people, we keep them at work And we keep them safe. So very simple things, but It's, you know, it's not standard, it's not the Minimal criteria, and with other hazards like heat, it's Very similar on how we manage. So you take a look at how do we Monitor for heat stress right now, right, the sort of, let's Just call it the old-fashioned classic things, wet bulb, Temperatures, this is, you know, the gold standard, we're Accounting for wind and direct sunlight, it's not cheap. We have a heat index that's, it's not completely reliable, But it's, you know, what we use sort of the most commonly, and Then we try to measure core body temperature. We do our best to try to measure the temperature inside Someone's frc or inside, you know, but it is difficult Sometimes on, you know, how do you do this, and, you know, Technology has changed to a degree that we're able to Better identify those risks. Again, this is more checklist For the workers on their morning huddles. Again, it's about hydration, it's about, you know, question About sleep, even, you know, long commutes to get to work, So someone may start working at 6 a.m., and maybe they live Three hours away from the camp or from the field, so it ends Up to be a very long day, a very long morning, and Eventually the only thing they had to get them to work in the First place was three or four cups of coffee on the way in, And so, again, another contributor to dehydration, and The weather when they left may be very different than the Weather when they arrive, and then, obviously, the weather And the ability to shade and rest is a major concern. We'll talk about all of that, and, again, this is all Guidelines for the workforce, nothing that you don't know Already. Again, it's about the amount Of water needed to drink, and OSHA recommends eight ounces Every 20 minutes, avoiding alcohol, caffeine, sugary Beverages makes sense, and then being able to replace the Electrolytes of sports drinks and things like that, but Obviously, pure water works to a degree until you have six or Eight bottles of it, and then you start to deal with other Issues, but I would say that's sort of some of the basics we Report to our, to the workers, and then there's this OSHA NIOSH heat index tool to give you sort of a better picture of Exactly how hot it is or what kind of stress our people will Be facing during a job, and then we've got these, I would say, Administrative controls where, again, this is for supervisors, This comes straight from NIOSH, and it is sort of the Recommendations on allowing people to work outdoors or in a Heat for certain periods of time, and this helps allow the Supervisors to tailor the work, the duration, you know, really, And help manage their workforce. Again, it's not perfect, and Mike will share some of that on the next slide, and so i'd like To bring up mike wasik, who is our team lead for a variety of Subjects, he's on our Chevron occupational standards committee, He was former trainer for the florida gators, and knows Athletes very, very well, and so i'll bring him up, so mike, Come join us. Thanks, scott. So, you know, scott just went Through a variety of things that you can do in order to try to Help prevent heat illnesses, yet when you look at this slide, You know, there are some things, it's still happening, it still Happens whether it's in the work environment, it still happens if You're in the athletic environment, and as scott said, I used to be the head football trainer for the gators, i say Back in the glory years when coach spurrier was our coach, Winning championships and that, but, you know, we had to deal With this on a regular basis, and these are people that are Very fit, yet this is still an issue to deal with. So, you know, heat has a large macro safety and economic Impact. By 2050, they're expecting $500 billion of labor productivity losses. And then, again, all these are documented below, you can see From the research here, 3% loss of efficiency for, and a 1% Increase in injuries per 1 degree centigrade increase in Temperature. So, you know, things have been Starting to warm up. Last year was a very, very hot Summer. I'm based out of houston, texas, And i can tell you it was extremely hot last summer. And we did a trial, which i'll be showing during the summer, And we couldn't have asked for better weather when you're Having a body heat illness. So it was quite toasty. And then the other interesting thing is they're expecting 50 More high heat days per year by 2050. And they were talking about heat, you know, there's heat Waves, and like in the 60s, there were like two heat waves Per year, and now it's up to six-plus heat waves. And so it's going up. The other thing is, we think That heat injuries and illnesses are underreported. Potentially 40 times more deaths caused by heat than What's reported by OSHA. 50 times more injuries caused By heat than are reported. And i think sometimes people Just don't know that it is a heat-related illness or an Injury, and so it's not being classified correctly. And so, you know, as you start to have some of these issues, Your cognitive abilities can start to disappear. And a 2% loss of body weight can affect cognition. And so you'll hear kind of some things that we're doing with Regards to that. And then you'll also see from The research that we've been doing is that the range of Sodium that people lose can be up to ten times difference. And so, you know, we're kind of calling them salty sweaters. And it was a couple weeks ago, i was on a call with our team That's been working on this, and i play competitive tennis, And it was a warmer day in houston, and had played, and Came home, put my hat down. Next morning, there was this Salt ring on the hat. So i'm one of those salty sweaters. There it goes. So sweat. It's kind of unexplored. You know, it's unexplored territory. But there are biomarkers in sweat, whether it's for Hydration, nutrition, and other things. And here's a whole list of things that, you know, that Sweat is being analyzed for. So this is something that is on The horizon that people are trying to look at. So there are many, many, many biomarkers in just a droplet of Sweat. So the project timeline. So we've been working on this wearable biosensor since 2020. And it started out, as you can see right here, just a patch That went on the person's arm. It gave no feedback. You had to take a picture, send it off to get analyzed, and Then it would say, okay, you lost this much water and this Many electrolytes, sodium. And so, you know, it's not real Time, but it's giving some information, but, you know, Starting to work on that. Then we went to the following Summer, because, again, we're working mainly in the u.S. With this project. So this is one of those Studies that we have to wait for warm weather each time. We take the time during the wintertime to try to, as you Can see, we've been building and adding and improving based On these different pilots that we've done. So then our next summer, so July of 2021, we have a more Electronic type of module that was developed. And we were able to gather more information, but now it went Through the internet to land over at the company, and then We'd have to get that information. So still people were not able to see what was going on to give Them realtime information. So then we come over to 2022, our Field trial, where we did some work with some of our people Out in the gulf of mexico, a refinery, as well as our fire Services. And what we were able to Analyze is the sweat volume, the sodium, skin temperature, And then we have two different vibration alarms and then a Class one div two design so that it can be used in a variety Of different environments so that if there is, you know, if There's a spark, if it causes a spark, something wouldn't Happen. So we're trying to make this So it can be wearable wherever the person is working. So we did a lot of work with regards to, you know, getting This, and this summer we're going to what we're calling our Minimal viable product, mvp, in two different locations. We're going to try to do one in a hot, dry environment as well As a hot, humid environment so that we're looking at both Situations. And so it's going to have all The previous features i just mentioned, but, you know, we're Anticipating this being fully approved. There's a new substrate material as well as a, this is what the Patch looks like. It's got a module on it as well As a separate patch that gets changed each day. And so the material that sticks to the arm is new for this year As well. And then we've got a fill rate. So on the back side of this patch, there's all kinds of Channels and there's technology built in because it's not just, Okay, just start absorbing sweat. We're looking at where it's used on the arm here, the mid, you Know, mid-upper arm, and it will pull in the water and then Spread, you know, where sodium is goes down one channel, water Goes down to another channel, and it has to absorb at a certain Rate so that it can figure out how much the person is actually Losing. And then a dashboard that we can Then look at this information to kind of gain more intelligence About what we can do to better improve the work environment for Our workers. And then we're hoping in 2024 That this can be a commercialized product and moving Forward. So when, you know, when you're Looking at this tool, you can see the patch down there at the Bottom, and then it now has an app. So if you remember, before i was showing things, we just Couldn't get real-time information. We were collecting phenomenal Data, tweaking, you know, is it absorbing correctly? Is it measuring against the gold standards? And we were able to do that. Then this last year, we were Able to add an app. And so through bluetooth, the Patch communicates right there and can give that worker instant Feedback. So, again, it's not very big. No one has complained about the size or the weight or getting In the way. I already talked a little bit About what it measures. It's giving real-time status, And it's letting them know how much they should drink, both From a water perspective as well as an electrolyte perspective. And then it has two different vibrations. The first one is a short vibration, which we call an Alert. So every time someone loses a Bottle of water's worth of sweat, it will vibrate. So now they know, okay, i've lost a bottle, kind of put it In the back of their mind, and when they have a break, they'll Know, okay, i have to have at least a bottle of water. But they are also able to go to the app, and it will tell them Specifically, okay, you've lost 1.25 or 1.5 bottles of water, And they can replenish appropriately. The long vibration is what we call an alarm. And so with the alarm, it stays vibrating. It's a long vibration. Then after ten minutes, it will Vibrate again until the person acknowledges it to say, yes, I have rehydrated and the way we educate people is that we want them to take a break, rehydrate, rest, and then go back in because that alarm is someone has lost 2% of their body weight. And as I had mentioned, we're trying to catch it before they start having potential issues that could lead to a safety issue. So when we did this study, we have three different hypotheses. One was personal monitoring is a better indicator of heat illness risk than the traditional industrial hygiene area monitoring of the workplace, like a WIBGYT, wet bulb globe thermometer. So we're trying to look at it from a personal standpoint. Hypothesis two, loss of fluids through sweat, which includes electrolytes along with improper hydration leads to an increase in a number of workplace incidents. And then the third one, by monitoring the individual sweat loss and being informed of timely personalized recommendations, workers will be better able to maintain proper fluid balance in heat stress environments. So as you saw at the beginning, when Scott was talking about it, OSHA has specific recommendations. Okay, have X amount of cups of water every 15 to 20 minutes. Well, the people that are working in our environments can range from a male that may be 175, 200 pounds to 300 plus pound individuals, as well as females that may be a hundred pounds. So we've got a whole gamut of, you know, the people and, you know, their sweat rates and, you know, whether or not, you know, are, is that accurate for that person? So we had 67 unique subjects in 2022 with over almost 500 different sessions and over 4,000 wear hours of this wearable. And then we did subject interviews as well as some surveys. So when we were looking at the field trial and what occurred I had talked just now about the dehydration alarms. And if you look, people are in a, you know, they're in a pilot, they're in a study. So they know that, you know, we're looking at things. So it's not where we're sneaking up on them. They fully know that they're wearing a patch and they're being studied, but because of the work environment, still nine out of the 21. So 43% of the people that were working in the Gulf of Mexico group that we were working with had an alarm that came up, that they had lost 2% of their body weight before they had the opportunity to rehydrate. In our refinery environment, five out of 22. And then this is our firefighters that were going through fire training. And we did some work with them over a four day period. And with them, they had access to the water right there when they were done working on, you know, fighting the fire on that prop. They were able to get water immediately because it was right there when they got done fighting that fire. And still four out of 24, that alarm went off that they had lost that much fluid from fighting that fire prop. So in total, 27% of the people got that alarm. And then when you look at sweat loss for a single industrial athlete, again, this is from our fire training group, that October 10th to the 13th is when the training occurred. And this person ranged from on one day only losing two and a half bottles of water to another day, 14 bottles. So that's a significant difference. And, you know, what we have seen is that, you know, people have an idea of what they should be replenishing, but what we found is when it's blinded and they do not have any type of information with regards to how much they should rehydrate, they're not rehydrating at the appropriate amount. And so that was something that, you know, we observed. The other thing that we observed where one individual was the first day of doing the trial last year, came to us afterwards and said, you know, I'm not really feeling comfortable drinking the amount of fluid that it's saying that I should drink because, you know, I usually don't drink this much fluid. And we said, look, you know, you drink what you feel comfortable, you know, you don't have to follow what is said here, just, you know, drink, you know, we're not trying to, you know, it's a trial, we're piloting, making sure everything works. So we were, you know, kept thinking about that because this is the first time we've had someone, you know, talk about that. Next morning, this person came in and said, you know what? I thought about the day and the work I did was not my normal work. I worked a lot harder than I typically do. Today is gonna be more of my normal day. And so I'm gonna follow it. He came back that evening and he said, yes, I drank what it said I should have drank. So, you know, I kind of look at that from the perspective of he, and it's a prime example, he worked a lot harder, but if he was kind of just going by what his normal intake of hydration would be, he'd be behind and behind the eight ball. And then it becomes a cumulative effect. So, you know, as I said here, you know, we had four people that experienced dehydration alarms because of heavy sweat loss. And again, when they're fighting the fires, they're in full bunker gear and it is, you know, it's hot, it's October, still hot in the, it was at Texas A&M where we did it. So it's still, you know, middle of Texas in October, still quite toasty. And then you add in that radiant heat when they're going in and fighting that fire, because when they light that fire, if you haven't been to fire school before, even though you're further away, you feel that wave of heat and then they're just charging into it, you know, for however long it may take for them to get that fire out. So a couple of things that were, that we have discovered in working with this patch, we went ahead and took a field trial and looked at what the, what NOAA said that the heat index was. So we looked at what the average temperature was and the average humidity for that field trial. And it shows that, you know, for the average, that this was completed and it was in what is called the caution section of this heat index. When we go ahead and look at the temperature that the person was actually experiencing underneath their fire retardant clothing, so not just the firefighters, so firefighters think of full bunker gear, but all of our workers are wearing fire retardant clothing. So they have a hard hat, fire retardant clothing, gloves, steel-toed boots, and Scott mentioned industrial athlete. I took care of football players. What does a football player have? They've got a helmet, they've got shoulder pads, they've got pads that are on their thighs, they've got cleats. They're pretty much outfitted similar to an industrial athlete, except theirs is a little more dry fit type moisture wicking as opposed to the FRC, where it just stays right in, you know, in there. And there's people that are working in the textiles to try to change that a little bit, but it's not there. So in that biosensor, what the people were actually experiencing is that they are now in this danger zone of what they're experiencing. Now, we kept the humidity at 70% here because that was what it was, but the patch does not measure humidity, only measures temperature, but I'm pretty sure in FRC, it's probably higher than 70%, and if you put it in for what the firefighters are doing, I bet it's probably 100% with the gear that they've got to wear. So then when we looked at the entire population of what the different dots were for the different temperatures, and then we added in, you can see that what the person was actually experiencing was more in the danger zone than in the caution zone because of the temperature what they were actually feeling. Because our people are not like a construction worker where maybe they're able to wear something that will wick away or they're in short sleeves, they are fully covered. So another thing that we discovered with regards to the study, and this was part of our fire training, is that these four workers all had, they were in the exact same climate, they were in the exact same group of firefighters, so they were all fighting the exact same props on that specific time period, and they had the same intensity. Maybe someone was at the head of the hose, someone else is on the back end of the hose, but you're still holding that hose and experiencing that heat. It wasn't where someone was a battalion chief that was just observing. We only had people that were actually involved in fighting the fire. So if you look at the very top person, that person lost eight bottles of water and over 3,000 milligrams of sodium. That's a salty sweater. You come all the way down to the bottom, and again, the exact same scenario, this person lost a bottle of water and only 321 milligrams of sodium. So what people are experiencing is significantly different, and so that's why this one-size-fits-all doesn't necessarily potentially pan out. So there's variation with regards to the person. Okay, so we're able to target exactly what that person should drink and the quantity of that. We're able to look at the intensity of the work because there's a small accelerometer in there, and then the local work environment because it's measuring not only the skin temperature, but also the environment underneath the fire-retardant clothing. What we've also found is that those two temperatures don't vary significantly. So we've got two different thermometers, but they're fairly close with regards to what's there. So at the bottom here, the wearable biosensor measures the local environment, inside the PPE, and the sweat biomarkers that are unique to each worker. And then this is an example of what one of the firefighters experienced. And this is, we had one morning where it was a little bit cooler and a little bit overcast. And so you can see that there, and the way the fire training was divided up is in the morning, they would do two props, and then the afternoon they would do two props and they would have lunch in between. And so you can kind of see the timing here when the burns were actually happening. And with the first prop, the person got one vibration that said, okay, you lost a bottle of water. And then in the second one that they did, they got two vibrations that they had lost two bottles of water. And so that's just, and then when they did, the little finger there is saying that they acknowledged it, that they drank it and they recorded it in the app on the phone. But then we go to the afternoon when it got to the normal temperature that it was. And you can see that during the fighting of one of the props, they got an alarm. So while they were fighting it, they had lost 2% of their body weight. And you can see they've been hydrating appropriately up until that point. And then they got several other vibrations along the way. So it's, as I said, there's an alert that goes ahead to let you know, go ahead and have a bottle of water. And you may get several of those, but you get that alarm when you've lost 2% of your body weight. So in summary, managing heat illness risk is challenging. Scott kind of led off with that, especially when you've got to wear chemical or fire protective clothing, if you've got workloads. And again, you know, I'm comparing the collegiate professional athlete to an industrial athlete. When that baseball player, the basketball player, the football player is competing, they're competing for a couple of hours, okay? And then they're done competing. Our workers are many times shift workers and they're putting in a 12 plus hour day. And so this is something that they are doing, you know, at a much longer amount of time, extended period and extended periods in that hot environment. So, and it's not necessarily just outdoor, indoor as well, it's a factor. The existing tools may not fully account for that individual worker's physiology and don't necessarily give real time information as to, you know, what needs to be done at that certain moment. And so this biosensor, we feel it's got a way to handle that from an individual level. And so, you know, we feel that there's more to learn, but that this tool has been very helpful in, you know, really understanding what is going on. And, you know, one of the fire chiefs at the end of the fire training had said, and it shows kind of how this tool kind of impacted all of the firefighters there, because we only had 24 of the 60 plus that were going through training. He said, this is the most water and Gatorade that we've bought for a training session ever. And so, you know, obviously there's 24 people that knew what they were supposed to do, but it kind of, others were going, hmm, you know, I probably should drink a little more as well. So that was, you know, kind of a fun fact there. And open for any questions. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. And I had a question. First of all, great presentation. Thank you. I think there are a lot of applications with this device. I personally think that every worker that is exposed to any amount of elevated temperatures and is doing anything strenuous would probably have one of these. But I was thinking other applications as well, like in Texas, we have a prison system and broadly, nationally, we don't have a national heat stress standard. So those two things together kind of mean that in our prison systems in Texas, sometimes what can happen is it's not uncommon for prisoners to be exposed to elevated temperatures, but there to be no mitigating factors like air conditioning or PPE, proper PPE. So this might go a long way to alleviate that issue. Of course, when you're dealing with prisoners, you have to think, well, are they gonna turn this thing into a shank or something? So probably make some modifications before you consider this, but I think it could go a long way even without a national heat stress standard, which is still, I think, absolutely necessary. This could highlight the need for water replenishment, even for patients or prisoners that have chronic diseases that predispose them to being even more sensitive to elevated temperatures and humidity. I had two questions. One, can this detect or does it have an input for if someone has an elevated need for replenishment, like if they have chronic kidney disease or hypertension, heart disease? So this measures the sweat from the time you put it on. So it's not able to go on and then make an assessment, okay, this person is dehydrated at this point. What it does is you put it on, and then as you start sweating, the sweat goes into those channels to measure how much you're sweating and of what you're losing, whether it's water or electrolytes. So it's as you're going, it is not capable of determining that you're in a dehydrated state before you start. And I would say that going to the medical conditions, it's not possible yet, is the words I would use, to know if you were certain conditions, if you were kidney failure, on diuretics, on, you know, or. I figured that, but if there could be a way to input that into the phone or into the, to let the device know that this person has a condition and that may change the rest. I agree, changing the monitor settings for certain individuals would absolutely, the alert settings would absolutely be a potential. Okay, and I was also thinking like, could it even detect like if someone was high risk for like, you know, different stages of heat stress, like, you know, heat cramping, heat stroke. Oh, okay. Heat exhaustion. Okay. Yeah, absolutely. And I think the, and going along your line of thinking, I think who's acclimated and who isn't, how long have you been on the job doing this as opposed to, did you start, this is today the first day of your work week, kind of a thing. And so no, I agree. And yeah, so there's definitely some, there's ability to make improvements. So you saw all the improvements to even get to this point, but so, but I agree that I think that monitoring is totally possible. Thank you. I'm very excited about this. Thank you. Hi, thanks both. That was fantastic presentation. Really, really interesting research and there's so much exciting potential development. Paul McGovern, occupational physician based in London, working for Google. A couple of questions. First, just going on from what the previous comments have said. Although the device itself measures sweat, and it's still early phase and still piloting, is there any plan to, say, link it to other data, like, say, from a Fitbit, heart rate variability, looking at sleep quality the night before, because we said that that had an impact on hydration, looking at acclimatization, so how people's salt osmolarity, sweat osmolarity changes as they acclimate to the work could be really interesting. So not changing the device, but seeing how it interfaces with other data that comes from other sources, potentially, is that an area of interest? Part of it is, as I said at the beginning, the biomarkers in sweat, they're learning more and more about what those biomarkers are, what can be pulled out of sweat, and is it, and at the technology that we have right now, is it something that is measurable and correlates to the gold standard? So that's a lot of the work that's being done. So similar to what Scott says, is the sweat is being looked at to analyze a little bit more, to dig in deeper there. With regards to potentially having pulse and that, that's something that is being looked at. Part of what we're, in a sense, you saw, we're trying to get a minimal viable product that is out there that works so that people can use it and get some real time information. But you went from three years where you've just got a sticky thing and a few color, one color was for water, the other color is for electrolytes, and now you've got something that is measuring temperature, and it is vibrating, and it's communicating Bluetooth to an app, and then when it goes into a Wi-Fi, then it kicks all that information to the cloud so that now we can look at it on a dashboard. From my perspective, and I'm not the techie by any means, I'm happy I get my phone turned on every day, but that's phenomenal progress. And so it's just kind of building, but also all this is based, you know, research based. It's not just throwing it out there, that it's looked at, analyzed, and when the fill rate, when that got adjusted, that patches on one area of the arm, and then the gold standard is right next to it, and then it's being tested. So each time, it's making sure that those results are true results of what's happening. So it just takes more time, but the focus has been, as you see, what we've been trying to get done here for this commercialization, and then build from there. Yeah, so there are other wearables, obviously, that could do pulse and activity monitor and play more advanced. I guess questions are more about whether it's on the, you know, brachial artery would be a good way to get a pulse through a patch or not. But yeah, I would say all of that stuff sounds very reasonable. You know, one bit to consider is that we're not using, we have laws that prevent monitoring, or unnecessarily monitoring our employees. And so I think that, you know, so the information from the patch, it needs to be most useful for that individual wearer. So it's not, I know for the pilots, we're trying to understand how they work. But the reality would be, you know, if you're a worker, you wear one of these things, you're the only person informed of the challenges or the issues on what you need. And so it's not the supervisor monitoring the health of his workforce. So there's a little bit of, the question is about heart rate variability. And I totally agree, it's a fact, it's what would the individual do with it, or how would we tweak it in a way to give them that, to make it practical for them? Maybe it's just a marker that they need to be hydrated, but that's. Thanks, and if I may just really quickly, just another thing about overhydration, is that a thing that you see? Is that something that you look for? And is there a difference in, say, access to toilets? And whether people intentionally restrict their fluid intake, is it different for women? Do they have a different profile of getting, tendency to get dehydrated? Because they may feel, actually, if I don't drink, certainly if I'm flying a little plane, I dehydrate myself so I don't have to go to the toilet and land. I shouldn't have admitted that, really. But anyway, but. Scratch that from. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But yeah, is overhydration a thing in practice that you see? Overhydration is a thing, but the environments that we're working in, we're looking at, during the summer, we were hitting at one of our locations, before 11.30 in the morning, we were hitting 103 heat index. And so the work that these people are doing, they're, that really is not an issue for what's going on. There is more of that that I see from marathon runners and that that are maybe in cooler and they're drinking a lot of water that may not be necessary. But when, the vision is not that this is worn every single day, 365. This is worn during the warm months that will impact the person. So that's more of that. What we've seen through some of these studies were actually it wasn't access to a bathroom that was a problem. It was, we identified clear access problems to water or hydration in the first place, especially some of the contractors, the distance to, from the work site to where the storage of anything was, was very far off and it was a problem for some of them. And so, and it did, so it was very clear how, but the question of why there's so many under, why is it such under-reporting? We're missing a lot of things for a variety of reasons. Some of it is sort of a employer-related issue. Some of it is sort of other underlying factors. But yeah, I'd say, yeah, access to the water was a problem in certain locations. And you talked about self-inflicted. Again, back to my athletic training days with the Gators, 18 to 22-year-old kids that go, you know what? I'm not gonna get up and eat breakfast. I wanna get that extra half hour of sleep and then they go out to a two and a half hour football practice in the morning when it's, you know, 80 something, 85, 88 degrees and like 95% humidity. Next thing you know, the guy's cramping. You're like, what in the world is, okay, what'd you have for breakfast? I just, I slept in. You know, and so, you know, I've seen a lot. And so it can happen that way as well. Good question. Thank you. Thank you all, Bob Bourgeois from South Louisiana. One, compliance with wear and comfort and all, was that any issue? Because I mean, you know how they usually fuss about pretty much anything you change, one. And two, is that intrinsically safe to work in some of the potentially explosive atmospheres? Is there an issue with that or not? That's what we're doing with the class one, div two, so that that's not an issue. So the second question, we're getting that set up for that. And so it's actually going through all that testing right now. The first question, say the first one again. How hard is it to get a player in? The compliance, okay. So that was one of our concerns, was will they wear it? It doesn't get in the way. And really, everyone goes, don't even know it's there. The concern that we had was when we did the firefighters, one of the things we were concerned about is, they're rubbing up against stuff and everything was not an issue at all. And the placement part was to make sure it's out of the way, but also that there is a good area that we can document sweat. And so this is a good area to pick up the sweat as well. So it's not just randomly we chose this spot. We analyzed a variety of different things, especially being able to get the sweat. Yeah, I think a compliance related issue that we might see in a small degree is the trust of wearing it, that this doesn't include a microphone and the employer, everyone's spying on me kind of things. And so I think that we will, there's no doubt that we'll have some of those. And any issue with all the tattoos? No, tattoo is not, we've looked at as well. So tattoo ink, no issues. Hello, I'm going to piggyback off of the intrinsically safe question, but from a different standpoint. So the device might be class one div two rated, but sometimes cell phones aren't. And if you're using an app, I've worked in a refining as well when coming from a food manufacturing standpoint where we're not allowed phones in the production floor, but you're relying off the phone to give you the updates. How is that going to pose kind of some challenges where I'm having to use the phone to track my updates and keeping when I can't take a phone into a class one div one or class one div two setting? Great question. So we're addressing that as well. With regards to the phone, the way we've done it currently is that the phone is kept in a accessible area. So in one area, the phones were kept in the supervisor's office, which was close to where their break was. So they were able to access it there. But our goal is that they will have that phone with them. And so OtterBox has got a case that is there. That's one option we're looking at, as well as Apple doesn't appear as going to make an intrinsically safe phone, but Android does. And so it may be that Android is the solution in the long run. That's what we're analyzing. Right now, this will only work on Apple devices, but the Android is being, it's being developed for the Android as well. So that's how we're trying to address that. I would love for this. This is actually something we're currently talking about in food manufacturing, as we do have a lot of very hot areas. But from a decon standpoint and coming in and out from a quality control issue, no phones are allowed on the process floors and having people having to de-dress and go back in, that would be a challenge. So I would love to see what you guys are able to come up with. And I do have another question, I'm sorry. From a re-wearability and cost, how does that apply? Is there a certain sticky patch that they have to reapply every day? Yeah, so this is the whole thing. It's a module on the top and then a patch that is on the back. So it's simply a little clip. And so this is a one-time use wearable, and this will last approximately three to four months. The battery will last here. Then it has to be sent in to get refurbished. But what the goal has been is that we can have this last the summer. And that way it's just one module at the end of the summer, gets collected, gets recollected. But the patch is something that is done on a daily basis. Okay, thank you. Okay, and it's biodegradable as well. So good for the environment. Thank you. Great questions. Yeah, thank you. It's great to see this because the health protection of workers with wearables is absolutely the future. There's no doubt about that. And in answer to Paul's question, we actually, we do have a similar device, but actually we use core body temperature, which links in with the health metrics. So your sweat rate, your pulse. So it is out there. That's definitely the future. My kind of fundamental question, going back to the basic principles, because the latter stages of heat stress, you stop sweating. So does that identify that, that you've actually stopped sweating and send a similar alarm? And the follow-up question was that early stage, why did you focus on sweat rate rather than core body temperature, which is sort of the gold standard in heat stress? Well, we're trying to use what we've got from a technology standpoint. And so with the way this is set up, the alarm is going by the amount of sweat that is lost that would trigger the bottle of water. And then it then knows from what the person's body, because you're looking at the person's body weight. You're looking at their birth sex. There are certain parameters that you plug in at the very beginning. It was on that slide to measure out the algorithm that figures out how much that person is sweating. And so what we're trying to do is that we don't want that person getting to that point. So that's why it's not measuring it because we're trying to catch it ahead of time as opposed to when it's way too late. No, absolutely. And again, from a technology standpoint, we're able to measure the sweat, something that we have versus when they started that long ago and kind of building from there. So that's why the pulse is not there now. Yeah, this whole project came from a request from our business in Gulf of Mexico to help them solve a problem and help them with these cases that are still getting through despite all of their guidelines and how they manage things. And so it really has been sort of just work gives us support for them to develop this. And I know that there's a product, but I think that the point I hope you all take from this besides is that we can do better, that there are things that we can, it takes a little bit of time and it takes obviously some know-how, but there are things that we can do better to keep our people safe. This is a wearable. There are lots of different devices out. There are lots of things that are coming. A lot of them are commonly used. And so I think it's the key is, is that as from our perspective, as our health professionals here, what do you need to keep your people safe? And how do you, and are we doing everything? Because I can tell you looking at the temperature outside and saying less hours today isn't enough. And so, but there is more that, this is the room, this is the group of people that I could do it. So that's my, I'll say, I'll leave it there. Yeah, Scott, absolutely agree. I spent nine years in the Middle East and the way that most of us corporates manage heat stress is 1970s medicine. So, it's great to see, I mean, whistles and flags. So it's the future. That was my key point. So- Oh, and hopefully there's more devices for other problems as well, other physical hazards as well. So I totally agree. Thank you. Hi, Richard Lewis. One kind of follow-up question related to that. This seems optimal for people that are wearing level A and level B gear, in which they have, they're confined. Does this lose effectiveness if somebody is working in a very hot but low humidity environment outdoors? No, we've tested early on. And then again, as I said, we're working for this final trial this summer. We've got a hot dry environment as well as a hot humid environment. And so, we're trying to look at all these little things. Last year, we did it for our shift workers and we put it on them at night because it's still warm and humid in certain locations. And so, we're trying to look at all these different aspects as best we can with this pilot group. We're hoping to have about 60 participants for this last one. 30 in one location, 30 in another. Does this device communicate with some central pool? Because I understand this only communicates with the mobile right now. So, is there any central location where it can send the signals and you can log it or you have to take it off and after three months, you can have a collective data? No, so, when you're wearing the patch through Bluetooth, it goes straight to the app. So, you get instantaneous information from the individual that's wearing it on their app. If you're in an environment where, some of our environments in the middle of Texas, there may not be Wi-Fi or cellular available. So, the information is stored in that app until they get to a place where they can connect. So, maybe it's when they go get something to eat, they're in another area or they get back to their hotel room or they get back to their regular residence and there's a Wi-Fi. Then that stored information goes to the cloud and then that's where this new tool for a dashboard to be able to kind of look at, okay, what is happening in this area? It's all de-identified, anonymized information. We're not able to look at the specific individual. We can only look at group data and that's what we're trying to see that, okay, maybe during this heat wave, this is what was going on and was there good hydration? Was there not good hydration? What's going on to try to learn from it to educate our workers, educate our supervisors so that when similar situations come up, they at least have an idea of past two heat waves, we're gonna have another one, be a little more aware from a hydration break, whatever the case may be, we're trying to learn from that data. So, for the mobile app, it's a direct feed and for the remote analysis, you can take the data on for later analysis? Correct, and like I said, that data will go to the cloud as soon as it's there and then you can look at it that for the big picture, but that is not as big of a concern for us because we're not having supervisors that are looking at this data. It's only the person. So, our biggest emphasis is that the user of the device can look at that data and make those decisions of what they need to drink immediately. So, this is not commercially marketed yet? No. So, this is a pilot study probably? We anticipate end of this year, early 2024, that from a commercialization standpoint. And right now, it's with the firefighters, but it's not included. The rest of the field operation groups, which are probably is a future. Can you say that? I didn't hear you. Right now, it's the firefighters that has been applied? No, oil and gas and our firefighters. So, we've had people that are working in refineries, offshore platforms, on land in our oil fields. So, a whole mix of different people working in different settings and jobs. And the vision is to apply for each member or it will be like a survey studies for our groups and then you can generalize the strategies. It would go on each person. And again, we're not forcing anyone to wear this. This would be up to them if they want to wear it, but it would be for each individual to wear. And then that data comes together to try to get a picture of what is needed. And can we do some things from a safety standpoint to help out based on some of the data that we're getting to make it safer for them as well? Last thing is about cost, about oil and project cost. Somebody want to like... That is not out there yet. It's still working because this is a startup company and putting it together as it goes to commercialization, as people are interested and buy it, then obviously the costs start to come down, but we don't have a price tag on that yet. Thank you very much. You're welcome. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you all. Thank you.

wearable biosensor

heat stress monitoring

guidelines and standards

at-risk individuals

real-time monitoring

fluid balance

sweat volume

hydration alerts

worker safety