MODULE 7: The Basic Hazards and Protections-Handouts

Handouts
Pdf Summary
The document discusses the topic of physical hazards and ergonomics in occupational and environmental medicine. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which include explaining the three main categories of hazard control in occupational medicine, describing physical hazards in the workplace, and discussing the role of body mechanics and positioning in ergonomic risk. <br /><br />The term "ergonomics" is defined as the study of efficiency in the work environment and improving workspaces to reduce the risk of injury. The document then goes on to discuss various physical hazards that can be encountered in the workplace, such as radiation, noise, hyperbaric pressure, rapid decompression, high altitude, temperature extremes, and vibration. Each hazard is explained in detail, including the occupations that may encounter these specific hazards. <br /><br />The document also highlights the importance of applying ergonomic principles in the workplace. It discusses the different levels of hazard control, including engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. It emphasizes the need for proper body positioning and the risks associated with prolonged standing, static positioning of the upper extremities, and awkward positioning. <br /><br />Furthermore, the document explores the relationship between muscle fatigue and cumulative trauma, as well as the impact of physical hazards on medical conditions. It provides examples of adaptations that employees can make to reduce the risk of physical hazards they may not be able to see. Additionally, the document discusses the use of ergonomic analysis to assess causation and make recommendations for job changes. <br /><br />The document concludes by discussing the role of personal protective equipment in preventing musculoskeletal injuries and provides resources for further learning, including the NIOSH lifting calculator and the NIOSH Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. It emphasizes the importance of considering physical hazards and employee medical conditions in work assessments and implementing a hierarchy of hazard control to prevent ergonomic hazards.
Keywords
physical hazards
ergonomics
occupational medicine
hazard control
workplace hazards
body mechanics
radiation
noise
vibration
musculoskeletal injuries